ἀνήρ

See also: ἁνήρ

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *anḗr, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂nḗr. Cognates include Sanskrit नृ (nṛ́), नर (nára), and Old Irish nert.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /a.nɛ̌ːr/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /aˈne̝r/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /aˈnir/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /aˈnir/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /aˈnir/

In Epic poetry, the ἀ usually scans as long in the arsis of a foot.

Noun

ᾰ̓νήρ • (ănḗr) m (genitive ᾰ̓νδρός); third declension

man (adult male)
husband
human being, as opposed to a god
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 1.28:
  τὴν δ’ ἠμείβετ’ ἔπειτα πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε
  tḕn d’ ēmeíbet’ épeita patḕr andrôn te theôn te
  Then the father of men and gods [= Zeus] answered her
- 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 6.10:
  ἀκίνδυνοι δ’ ἀρεταὶ
  οὔτε παρ’ ἀνδράσιν οὔτ’ ἐν ναυσὶ κοίλαις
  τίμιαι: πολλοὶ δὲ μέμνανται, καλὸν εἴ τι ποναθῇ.
  akíndunoi d’ aretaì
  oúte par’ andrásin oút’ en nausì koílais
  tímiai: polloì dè mémnantai, kalòn eí ti ponathêi.
  But excellence without danger is honored neither among men nor in hollow ships. But many people remember, if a fine thing is done with toil.

Usage notes

The word ἀνήρ may form a crasis with the definite article, resulting in ὁ (ho) and ἀνήρ merging. The Attic crasis is ᾱ̔νήρ (hānḗr) and the Ionic crasis is ὡνήρ (hōnḗr).

With ᾰ or in metric need ᾱ in poetry: e.g.
In Epic poetry, the vocative singular ἆνερ (âner) is used, for instance in Il. 24.725.

Declension

Third declension of ὁ ᾰ̓νήρ; τοῦ ᾰ̓νδρός (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ ᾰ̓νήρ ho ănḗr	τὼ ᾰ̓́νδρε tṑ ắndre	οἱ ᾰ̓́νδρες hoi ắndres
Genitive	τοῦ ᾰ̓νδρός toû ăndrós	τοῖν ᾰ̓νδροῖν toîn ăndroîn	τῶν ᾰ̓νδρῶν tôn ăndrôn
Dative	τῷ ᾰ̓νδρῐ́ tôi ăndrĭ́	τοῖν ᾰ̓νδροῖν toîn ăndroîn	τοῖς ᾰ̓νδρᾰ́σῐ / ᾰ̓νδρᾰ́σῐν toîs ăndrắsĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸν ᾰ̓́νδρᾰ tòn ắndră	τὼ ᾰ̓́νδρε tṑ ắndre	τοὺς ᾰ̓́νδρᾰς toùs ắndrăs
Vocative	ᾰ̓́νερ ắner	ᾰ̓́νδρε ắndre	ᾰ̓́νδρες ắndres
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Third declension of ᾱ̓νήρ; ᾱ̓νέρος (Epic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ᾱ̓νήρ ānḗr	ᾱ̓νέρε ānére	ᾱ̓νέρες ānéres
Genitive	ᾱ̓νέρος ānéros	ᾱ̓νέροιῐν ānéroiĭn	ᾱ̓νέρων ānérōn
Dative	ᾱ̓νέρῐ ānérĭ	ᾱ̓νέροιῐν ānéroiĭn	ᾱ̓́νδρεσσῐ / ᾱ̓́νδρεσσῐν / ᾰ̓νδρᾰ́σῐ / ᾰ̓νδρᾰ́σῐν ā́ndressĭ(n) / ăndrắsĭ(n)
Accusative	ᾱ̓νέρᾰ ānéră	ᾱ̓νέρε ānére	ᾱ̓νέρᾰς ānérăs
Vocative	ἆνερ âner	ᾱ̓νέρε ānére	ᾱ̓νέρες ānéres
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Irregular declension of ὡνήρ; τᾱ̓νδρός (crasis, Ionic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὡνήρ hōnḗr	—	ὧνδρες hôndres
Genitive	τᾱ̓νδρός tāndrós	—	—
Dative	τᾱ̓νδρῐ́ tāndrĭ́	—	—
Accusative	—	—	—
Vocative	—	—	—
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Irregular declension of ᾱ̔νήρ; τᾱ̓νδρός (crasis, Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ᾱ̔νήρ hānḗr	—	ἇνδρες hândres
Genitive	τᾱ̓νδρός tāndrós	—	—
Dative	τᾱ̓νδρῐ́ tāndrĭ́	—	—
Accusative	—	—	—
Vocative	—	—	—
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Antonyms

γυνή (gunḗ, “woman, female, wife”)

Derived terms

Ἀγαπήνωρ (Agapḗnōr)
ἀγαπήνωρ (agapḗnōr)
Ἀγήνωρ (Agḗnōr)
ἀγήνωρ (agḗnōr)
Ἀλέξανδρος (Aléxandros)
ἀλεξήνωρ (alexḗnōr)
Ἀμύνανδρος (Amúnandros)
Ἀνάξανδρος (Anáxandros)
Ἀνδράγαθος (Andrágathos)
Ἀνδρέας (Andréas)
ἀνδρεία (andreía)
ἀνδρεῖος (andreîos)
ἀνδριάς (andriás)
ἀνδρο- (andro-)
Ἀνδρόγεως (Andrógeōs)
ἀνδρόγυνος (andrógunos)
Ἀνδροκλῆς (Androklês)
Ἀνδροκύδης (Androkúdēs)
ἀνδρομανία (andromanía)
Ἀνδρομέδα (Androméda)
ἀνδρόμεος (andrómeos)
Ᾰ̓νδρόνῑκος (Ăndrónīkos)
ἀνδρόσᾰκες (andrósăkes)
Ᾰ̓νδροσθένης (Ăndrosthénēs)
ἀνδροφάγος (androphágos)
ἀνδροφόνος (androphónos)
ἀνδρών (andrṓn)
ἀνήνωρ (anḗnōr)
Ἄντανδρος (Ántandros)
ἀντήνωρ (antḗnōr)
Ἀντήνωρ (Antḗnōr)
ἀντιᾰ́νειρᾰ (antiắneiră)
ἀπατήνωρ (apatḗnōr)
Ἀρῐ́στᾰνδρος (Arĭ́stăndros)
Βιήνωρ (Biḗnōr)
βωτιᾰ́νειρᾰ (bōtiắneiră)
δαμασήνωρ (damasḗnōr)
Δεισήνωρ (Deisḗnōr)
δεισήνωρ (deisḗnōr)
Δῃᾰ́νειρᾰ (Dēiắneiră)
Ἐλεφήνωρ (Elephḗnōr)
Ἐλπήνωρ (Elpḗnōr)
εὐήνωρ (euḗnōr)
Εὐχήνωρ (Eukhḗnōr)
ἠνορέη (ēnoréē)
Καστιᾰ́νειρᾰ (Kastiắneiră)
Κλείτανδρος (Kleítandros)
κυδιᾰ́νειρᾰ (kudiắneiră)
Λέανδρος (Léandros)
λειχήνωρ (leikhḗnōr)
ληϊᾰ́νειρᾰ (lēïắneiră)
Λῠ́σᾰνδρος (Lŭ́săndros)
λυσήνωρ (lusḗnōr)
μεγαλήνωρ (megalḗnōr)
Μένανδρος (Ménandros)
Νίκανδρος (Níkandros)
ὀλεσήνωρ (olesḗnōr)
Πείσανδρος (Peísandros)
Πεισήνωρ (Peisḗnōr)
Περίανδρος (Períandros)
Προθοήνωρ (Prothoḗnōr)
ῥηξήνωρ (rhēxḗnōr)
Ῥηξήνωρ (Rhēxḗnōr)
σώσᾰνδρον (sṓsăndron)
Τῑμᾱ́νωρ (Tīmā́nōr)
Τίσανδρος (Tísandros)
ὑπερηνορέων (huperēnoréōn)
Ὑπερήνωρ (Huperḗnōr)
ὑπερήνωρ (huperḗnōr)
Ὑψήνωρ (Hupsḗnōr)
ὑψήνωρ (hupsḗnōr)
φθισήνωρ (phthisḗnōr)
φιλανδρία (philandría)
φίλανδρος (phílandros)
φιλήνωρ (philḗnōr)

Descendants

Greek: άνδρας (ándras)
Mariupol Greek: а́ндра (ándra)