Michael Starman

How does the power get to the microprocessor within the (General-Velocity-360-Wave-Compact-Disk) and this is some of its abstracts, it will need power to run the processer A microprocessor is a very small processing unit inside a CPU. It's a single integrated circuit on a computer chip, now inside A disk indent for the spoil to spin the disk that performs various arithmetic and logic functions on digital signals. Several dozen microprocessors work together inside high-performing servers for data processing and analytics. solid forms developed from a chiral compound and purified from racemic mixtures can be crystallographically unique. Solid-state racemic mixtures may exist as a racemic compound (a racemate) where enantiomers are present within a single crystal structure, or as a conglomerate (a physical mixture of two crystal phases in equivalent amounts) each containing single enantiomers. We have extensive experience in both the characterization of these materials as well as development of approaches for resolution. Just as the same as A Layer of cadmium by the molecules so is say of------ crystalline solid forms - polymorphs, salts,cocrystals.water will interject the energy need like the dey colors https://lnkd.in/ehQaimXJ A crystalline API needs to exhibit consistent physical properties when made at each stage of the development process (gram to multi-kilogram scales). In doing so, formulation-development problems are minimized and regulatory requirements are met. Triclinic is experienced in the generation of crystallization methods, including the background information necessary to impart solid form control (polymorphic form, particle size, etc). crystallization in chemistry, Chiral Resolution, and chemical Purity. When problems arise in commercialization or scale up, we can quickly help you get your program back on track by identifying a robust and scalable method to consistently control the desired solid form during manufacturing. For a complete discussion on crystallization method development and its applications, please click up above for a more extensive review. crystalline API

#Signalintegrity signifies the signal’s ability to propagate without distortion. It is the quality of the signal passing through a transmission line. When a signal propagates from a driver to a receiver, it doesn’t remain the same; whatever was originally sent will be received with varying degrees of distortion. This signal distortion happens due to factors like #impedance mismatch, reflections, transient oscillations, #crosstalk, ground bounce, and jitters in PCBs. Signal integrity issues are not a major concern at lower frequencies but are important when a PCB operates at a higher speed and frequency (> 50MHz). In the high-frequency regime, both digital and analog aspects of the signal need to be addressed. To learn more about signal integrity, check out our resource page: https://lnkd.in/gSe9G-Hu #pcblayout #pcbdesign #electricalengineering

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We laughed at the metaverse, but the metaverse still exists. Will not elaborate. Besides buying elections, the Zuck is also again pouring billions in AI, they designt heir own chips internally, they deploy them for God knows what (will not elaborate, fun game to play isn't it?) and will build next gen nuclear which runs on waste of old gen nuclear and is safer than ever before to power his stab at supreme overlord of earth. AI is winner takes all, simple as that. He will automate the thingie out of his software company and remove anything human as fast as he can. ROI, you know. Return on intelligence.

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In this 1-minute design review from Kirushanth Gobalakrishnan brings us another H-bridge driver PCB, and it's a great design with only a few recommended changes. First, I always prefer large stepdowns in DC regulation use a switching converter as linear regulators/LDOs produce a good amount of heat. No need to burn your finger on those hot packages! Second, make sure to use appropriately high voltage ratings on ceramic capacitors, otherwise the capacitance will become derated from the datasheet value. A good rule of thumb is to set the voltage rating to double the applied voltage on the rail. Want to have your design reviewed on the Altium® Academy channel? Send me a message with your design files or your manufacturing files. WATCH ON YOUTUBE: https://lnkd.in/gN3Ats25 #pcbdesign #electronicsengineering #motorcontrol #mechatronics

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Episode 155 of the Reliability Matters Podcast is now available. Ultra HDI Panel Discussion (recorded live at SMTAI). As the demand for smaller, faster, and more powerful devices grows, the need for innovative solutions in circuit design has never been greater. UHDI's represent a significant leap forward, allowing for more connections in a smaller space, pushing the boundaries of what's possible in electronic assemblies. But what exactly are UHDI's? Essentially, they refer to circuit boards with incredibly fine pitch interconnects, enabling higher functionality and complexity in much smaller form factors. This breakthrough is transforming industries like consumer electronics, aerospace, automotive, and medical devices, where space, weight, and performance are critical factors. In this episode, we’ll explore the advantages UHDI's bring to the table, from increased design flexibility and performance to better thermal management. We'll also discuss how UHDI's are set to impact the assembly process. With tighter tolerances and more intricate layouts, UHDI assemblies will require new approaches to assembly, inspection, and reliability testing. To better explain UHDI technology, we’ve put together a panel of subject matter experts. Tara Dunn, Director of Training and Education at the Surface Mount Technology Association (SMTA), will moderate a panel discussion with other subject matter experts. In addition to Tara, our other experts are Anaya Vardya CEO of American Standard Circuits, Chrys Shea from Shea Engineering Services, Michael Sivigny, owner and General Manager of CeTaQ Americas, and Oren Manor, Op-Center Core Program Business Director at Siemens Digital Industries Software. Ultra-HDI is here! And if you haven’t seen it on your assembly line yet, it’s coming, so stay tuned as we unpack the future of Ultra High Density Interconnects and what it means for the next generation of technology. #reliabilitymatters #uhdi https://lnkd.in/gZA3-RPw

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Always switch Cap banks with Southern States LLC Capswitcher, available up to 362 KV Capswitcher is designed for this duty and inserts a resistor of correct ohmic value in the circuit for 8 ms to make for wirryless switching including back to back switching In service since 2004 thousands of units are in the field, why use a breaker when you can use a capswitcher “better technology, for thousands of worry & maintenance free operations”

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Examples of Radio Frequency (RF) Applications Radio Frequency (RF) technology is integral to many aspects of modern life. Here are some key examples: 1. Communication Systems - Broadcasting: FM Radio: Stations like 98.7 FM transmit music, news, and talk shows over RF signals. Television: Networks such as NBC and CBS use RF waves to broadcast television programs. - Telecommunications: Mobile Phones: Smartphones use RF signals to connect to cellular networks for calls, texts, and internet access. Technologies like 4G and 5G operate on different RF frequency bands. Wi-Fi: Wi-Fi routers use RF waves in the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands to provide wireless internet connectivity. - Satellite Communication: GPS: Devices receive RF signals from satellites to determine precise locations, used in navigation systems. Satellite TV: Services like DirecTV use RF signals to broadcast television content from satellites. 2. Medical Applications - RF Skin Tightening: Thermage: Uses RF energy to heat the skin and stimulate collagen production. Exilis: Delivers controlled RF energy to improve skin laxity and contour the body. - MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): MRI machines use RF pulses with strong magnetic fields to create detailed images of organs and tissues. 3. Industrial and Scientific Uses - Radar: Weather Radar: Detects and tracks weather conditions by emitting RF waves and analyzing reflections. Air Traffic Control: Guides aircraft by detecting their positions and movements. - RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification): Inventory Management: Retailers use RFID tags to manage inventory and track items. Access Control: RFID cards are used in secure access systems for buildings. 4. Consumer Electronics - Bluetooth: Wireless Headphones: Devices like Apple AirPods use Bluetooth to connect wirelessly to audio sources. Smart Home Devices: Products such as smart thermostats and lights use Bluetooth for home automation. - Remote Controls: Garage Door Openers: Use RF signals to open and close garage doors remotely. Car Key Fobs: Employ RF signals to lock and unlock car doors and start the engine from a distance. These examples illustrate the diverse applications of RF technology in everyday life, enhancing communication, entertainment, medical care, and industrial efficiency. For more information, visit www.DynamicEngineers.com #RFTechnology #Communication #MedicalTech #IndustrialApplications #ConsumerElectronics #Innovation #TechInEverydayLife

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We have discovered a way to break a longstanding tradeoff in the design of a fundamental block used in phased arrays and signal processing systems! The humble, passive phase shifter featured in this article, published today in IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I (Regular Papers), has achieved record-high resolution for a digitally controlled delay element (10 bits), while maintaining low insertion loss. Typically, higher resolution worsens loss due to resonances, finite Q, etc. We addressed this issue by moving beyond those resonances and working in a 'post-resonance regime' — a simple yet powerful idea! Please give it a read and share your thoughts! https://lnkd.in/eT7pUJwV

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Today's episode of the Altium® OnTrack podcast features SI legend Donald Telian. We talk old school vs. new school signal integrity and what has driven the shift to equalization as a major part of modern signal integrity. I hope you enjoy listening to this episode as much as I enjoyed recording it! https://lnkd.in/gvghmJ-i #pcbdesign #electronicsengineering #signalintegrity

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What does PCBA burning mean? What role can program burning play? 1. What does PCBA burning mean? PCBA burning refers to the process of assembling a printed circuit board (PCBA), writing specific firmware or software programs to the memory chip on the PCB board through the burning device. This process usually occurs in the production stage of electronic equipment and is a key link in the realization of product functions. The burned content may include the device's operating system, drivers, configuration files, or execution programs for specific functions. 2. The role of program burning 1. Realize the function of the device: The burning program is the basis for realizing the preset function of the electronic device. Whether it is a smart device, a controller, or any other hardware that requires software support, you need to burn the corresponding software program to make it work properly. 2. Customization and personalization: By burning different programs, the personalization and customization of the equipment can be realized. Manufacturers can burn specific software versions for the equipment according to customer needs to meet the needs of different user groups. 3. Firmware update and maintenance: During the product life cycle, software updates or repairs may be required. By re-burning the updated firmware, you can improve device performance, fix potential security vulnerabilities, or add new features. 4. Security and reliability: During the program burning process, encryption measures can be taken to ensure the security of the software and the reliability of the equipment. This helps prevent unauthorized copying, modification, or cracking. 5. Production efficiency and cost control: Batch burning programs can improve production efficiency and reduce manual intervention and error rates. At the same time, a unified software version also helps to reduce maintenance costs and improve the user experience. 6. Equipment debugging and testing: In the equipment development stage, frequent burning of different versions of programs is a key step in equipment debugging and performance testing. This helps engineers identify and solve potential problems and ensure the stability and performance of the final product. 7. Meet regulations and standards: certain industries or regions have specific software requirements for electronic equipment. By burning software programs that comply with relevant regulations or standards, it is possible to ensure that products can smoothly enter the target market and meet user needs. https://lnkd.in/gEbEuABC [email protected] my whatsapp numer & wechat numer is +8617744629030 (Felicia) #PCBAburning #electronicassembly(PCBA) #inlineboardtestingfunctionaltestICprogramming #fabricationofprintedcircuiboards(PCB) #BOMsourcingcomponents #injectionmouldmoldingofenclosures

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10 high-speed #PCBlayout design rules 1. Have a common ground plane right below the signal traces 2. Ensure adequate spacing between vias to avoid hotspots 3. Place vias symmetrically to eliminate impedance discontinuities 4. Maintain minimum bends while routing 5. Add serpentines to length match the traces 6. Maintain at least 3W spacing between the signal traces to minimize crosstalk 7. Implement daisy chain routing to avoid long stubs 8. Do not place components and vias between differential pairs 9. Design differential pairs with symmetrical paths and keep signals in parallel 10. Route differential signals on the same layer -- Read the article for more. -- Share this post with PCB designers and engineers. #ElectronicsDesign #SignalIntegrity #ElectricalEngineering

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Hi everyone, Following our previous post on SEM overlay applications, I recalled a past interaction where someone asked if we could validate our measurements by matching CDSEM overlay measurements with optical measurements on the same targets. This brings up an important point for fab engineers and developers. Many of you consider metrology equipment as a "perfect scale," but it's crucial to remember that each scale has its own operational range. Let’s start from the basics: Optical targets are designed for optical tools, which have clearly defined resolution based on certain physical principles, such as flat illumination and visible light collection. Thus, the sizes of optical targets are derived from these principles. However, SEM tools operate on entirely different principles, using electron beam scanning and SE/BSE collection. Using optical targets with SEM tools violates a primary restriction of electron beam scanning—linearity of beam shape over the scanned region. This is typically defined over a 10-15 micron range, with optimal performance expected in the 0-5 micron range. All SEM calibrations aim to maintain scan flatness within this region, focusing on beam shape, astigmatism, resolution, and focus. Scanning a 50-micron range with an SEM compromises the experiment. Additionally, optical tools present edges as shadows (where the size of the edge is significantly smaller than the optical tool’s resolution), and inline detectors' linearity can be challenged at very large ranges. Introducing CDSEM overlay measurements on specialized CDSEM targets or topographic features enhances overall overlay reliability and reduces uncertainty for extremely small values—below 5 angstroms—not to match optical overlay values. In the attached video, you can see an attempt to measure an optical overlay target with an SEM—please avoid this approach. Feel free to comment and share your thoughts! #gazadelendaest #deeplearning #resolution #beam #EHAR #DeepStructures #metrology #Fab #problemsolving #LVTailoring #innovation #measurement #SecondaryElectronDetection #BackScatteredElectronDetection #CriticalDimentionMetrology #noisereduction #artificialneuralnetworks #CAD2SEM #Die2DB #EPE #PSD #precision #accuracy #lithography #tmu #NoiselessPSD #TargetDesign #ai #BlindDenoising #DeepStructures #neuralnetworks #weave #MassMeas #defects #beam #SecondaryElectronDetection #Overlay #EPE #labview #python #noisereduction #appliedmaterials #hitachi #kla

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If you're going to use an ADC that spans both ends of an isolated power supply, don't eliminate your galvanic isolation! This 1-minute design review from Israel Sother shows what happens when you add a net to to bridge grounds in an isolated DC/DC converter. Fortunately there is a very simple solution: use an isolated ADC! Check out our other videos on the Altium® Academy channel to see an overview of these components and an example projects with an isolated ADC module. Want to have your design reviewed? Send me a message with your design files or your manufacturing files. https://lnkd.in/g2gC8dM4 #pcbdesign #electronicsengineering #powersupply

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I’m excited to be the new owner of a state of the art molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) system currently set up for epitaxial Ga/Mn/As/Ge heterostructure growth .. I’ll be installing this bad boy in my old Virginia Cleanroom fab near Virginia Tech where I started my first silicon micro-machining and thin films company 30 years ago in a burnt down church- ACT MicroDevices. The clean room there never had such good company as this guy. I spent my first decade there (and at its sister facilities with our growth) working on silicon micro machining and micro optics for hybrid optoelectronics and their packaging - esp for integrated optics and advanced fiber optic applications like laser die wafer level hermetic packaging. In one project - I multilayer AR coated over 2 million sub millimeter discrete precision micro-optics for Lucent for fiber optic backhaul networks - for their “Laser 2000” program - a SiOB based laser transmitter. I ran it in a LPVCD tube furnace I modified. This ended up being the most profitable job I ever did though I bid it at cost to win the project. I was able to transition from 10k lenses in a batch to 60k in a batch in less than a year. Due to careful engineering of the coating layer stresses we ended up becoming their sole source at ~20 cents per lens. Why did coating stress engineering matter? This is because with sub-mm lenses on SiOB platforms you can’t use epoxy - they were solid state bonded to 3um Al deposited in a <111> inverted pyramid in the silicon chip at the 4 tangential contact points- the final layer compressive was key to high shear. Ok - Back to the “why” on the heteroepitaxial growth… high delta N ridge waveguide SOI integrated optics were always held back by needing to hybridly integrate lasers and detectors (Intel)… meanwhile GaAs / InP were just too expensive and fragile for complex and large integrated optical systems. Enter recently a new pioneer: heteroepitaxial Ge on Sapphire https://lnkd.in/gschJcuB follow by direct active layers … I’m now thinking -as the Mandalorian says -“this is the way” :) viz: Integated Microwave Photonic Circuits See: “Integrated microwave photonics” Nature Photonics volume 13, pages 80–90 (2019) https://lnkd.in/gAhxui35 For me - a marriage of my first love in optoelectonics (Si-Pak) with my second - advanced microwave/mm-wave circuits (PolyStrata) into something new, far smaller, more integrated and faster. Who wants to collaborate? I haven’t worked with big UHV ion pumps on MBE since high-school when I brought them home from the local tech junkyard with ln2 “sorption” pumps to rough your UHV chamber .. I always thought it was cool that you could use diminishing pump discharge current to measure your UHV degree of success - something that takes less energy the better it gets! What else takes less energy the better it gets 🤔 Photo of my new system below from the manufacturer. (racks of controllers not shown).

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Do you know 🤔 When to send your Optical Engineer "-- à la poubelle!" 🚮? Here are some subtle ..er.... -maybe not so subtle- hints 🔍 that your optical engineer isn't too experienced in illumination 💡 systems. 👶🍼 These are also mistakes 🙈 I've seen other HW engineers make who are forced into trying to immediately 🏃‍♀️💨become optical engineers with ZERO 0️⃣ guidance because there isn't one 🤷 on staff. I've also seen the consequences of these oopsie 🤭 novice tells turn out catastrophically. 🔥😈 If you 👈 need to consult with an OE who's a pro in illumination, you don't need to find one to hire, just book a free preliminary call with me on Spire Starter's site: https://lnkd.in/gkDM9ADC #opticalengineer #hiring #illumination #lighting #optics

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POLYN’s analog chips are thinking outside the box—literally. With 100X less power and 1000X lower data latency, they’re making us question who’s really in charge here. Invest now. https://lnkd.in/dyvbMAK3

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