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A dedicated and detail-oriented accounting professional currently working as a Bookkeeper at Ashton Coopers & Co Ltd

Marginal VAT (Value Added Tax) refers to the tax applied only to the value added at each stage of production or distribution, rather than the total value of the goods or services being sold. In simpler terms, it focuses on taxing the “marginal” increase in value that a business adds to a product, as it moves through the supply chain, from raw materials to the final consumer. Here’s how it works: 1. Supplier Level: Each business in the supply chain only pays VAT on the difference between the price at which they buy goods or services and the price at which they sell them. This is known as the “value added.” 2. Input vs Output Tax: Businesses can typically reclaim the VAT they have paid on their own inputs (purchases), which means they only effectively pay VAT on the value they have added to the product. This prevents tax cascading (tax on tax) as goods move through the chain. For example, if a manufacturer buys raw materials worth £100 and adds value by turning them into a product worth £200, they would only pay VAT on the £100 of value added (£200 - £100). If the final customer buys the product for £200, the VAT would be calculated on that amount, but the manufacturer would have already offset the tax paid on the raw materials. This system helps avoid tax pyramiding, where taxes compound at every stage of the supply chain, and ensures that VAT is only levied on the value added by each party in the chain.

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