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PROJECT F: A BETTER COMMUTE
TR-GY 7133
PRESENTED BY JASMINE BRITTAN, JASMIN RAINBOW, AND JAKE SIGMAN
03/11/2025
BACKGROUND
01
3
IRT
Interborough Rapid
Transit
BMT
Brooklyn-Manhattan
Transit
IND
Independent Subway
System
4
Operating since 1940
Queens Boulevard Line, Sixth Avenue Line, Culver Line
5
● 24 hours per day, 7 days a week
● Runs between Jamaica - 179th Street
and Coney Island - Stillwell Avenue
● Avg. daily ridership (2025 so far): 72,000
passengers
● Daytime service runs express in Queens
● Limited rush-hour peak-direction
express segment in Brooklyn
● On-time performance: 70%*
* 2024 12-month average, NY Post
6
Daytime vs. Overnight
We will focus on daytime service
7
Signal Modernization
- Before discussing our work, it is important to mention the signal modernization efforts on the Culver
Line since 2020.
- Communications-Based Train Control is anticipated to make a large difference in Brooklyn.
METHODOLOGY
02
9
GIS
● Geographic Information System was used to conduct an in-depth analysis of our line.
● As discussed in class, General Transit Feed Specification data was used to visualize our line in QGIS.
10
Data Collection & Processing
Data Source
Hourly Ridership MTA, via data.gov
Station Information MTA, via data.gov
Static GTFS (schedule & route
information)
MTA Developer Resources
GTFS-RT MTA, via API call to BDFM GTFS-RT f
eed
Ride Check (ridership, arrival
times, dwell times)
Primary collection
Distances Between Stations QGIS “measure” tool, based on
static GTFS plot
Then… data wrangling and visualisation in Python using pandas,
matplotlib, and numpy.
11
In-Person Survey
● Our team surveyed during the peak weekday morning
hour based off of MTA hourly ridership data.
● A ride check was performed on 2/25/2025, arrivals and
dwell times were timed on smartphones.
● Additionally, boarding and alighting passengers were
counted, and it was assumed that the boarding and
alighting passengers on each vehicle were the same.
12
Calculations
RESULTS
03
14
Ridership Data (MTA)
Rank Day Time Mean ridership
(2025)
1 Tuesday 17:00 30,428
2 Thursday 17:00 29,447
3 Tuesday 08:00 28,435
4 Wednesday 17:00 27,849
5 Thursday 08:00 26,011
6 Friday 17:00 24,885
7 Wednesday 08:00 24,561
8 Monday 17:00 24,228
9 Thursday 16:00 23,155
10 Tuesday 18:00 23,138
Peak
morning
hour for
ride check
15
Supporting Evidence from Survey
Scheduled
Departures
from Google
Maps
16
Inconsistent dwell
times, not always
correlated with #
passengers
boarding/alighting
Highest loads are
between Queens &
Midtown
Ride
Check
Stop # Stop Boarding Alighting
Passengers
Onboard (P)
Arrival
Time
Dwell Time
(s)
1 Jamaica-179 St 35 0 35 08:13:00 22
2 169 St 10 3 42 08:15:15 17
3 Parsons Blvd 6 0 48 08:17:09 18
4 Sutphin Blvd 2 0 50 08:18:32 16
5 Briarwood 10 4 56 08:20:54 28
6 Kew Gardens-Union Tpke 2 2 56 08:25:12 35
7 75 Av 1 0 57 08:28:21 82
8 Forest Hills-71 Av 7 10 54 08:31:57 25
9 Jackson Hts-Roosevelt Av 22 5 71 09:01:05 40
10 21 St-Queensbridge 1 2 70 09:08:10 17
11 Roosevelt Island 8 0 78 09:10:13 17
12 Lexington Av/63 St 7 14 71 09:12:35 25
13 57 St 9 2 78 09:15:01 102
14 47-50 Sts Rockefeller Ctr 1 19 60 09:18:38 23
15 42 St-Bryant Pk 3 10 53 09:19:55 20
16 34 St-Herald Sq 7 6 54 09:21:45 23
17 23 St 1 7 48 09:23:22 16
18 14 St 2 4 46 09:25:10 16
Long travel time
between stop 8-9
(stop 8-9 distance ≈
stop 9-10 distance)
17
Key Survey Metrics
Vehicle Capacity (11 R160 cars per train) 2706 passengers
Line Capacity 35178 passengers per hour
Line Length 50.39 kilometers
Average Dwell Time 29.8 seconds
Cycle Length 96 minutes
Frequency 13 trains per hour
Average Headway 4 minutes and 36 seconds
Average Wait Time 2 minutes and 22 seconds
Excess Wait Time 3.5 seconds
18
Load Profile
ρ = 0.68
19
Time-Space Diagram (Scheduled)
Note: The long
travel time
between Stop 8 & 9
found in the ride
check is not that
surprising given
the schedule .
20
Time-Space Diagram (Real-Time)
Note: This only
includes trips that
match across the
static and real-time
data, meaning that
some scheduled
trips are missing.
21
Headway & Excess Wait Time
Ride Check Day + Schedule Data
Option 1
Average
Headway
4.61 minutes
Standard
Deviation of
Headway
44.3 seconds
Average Wait
Time
2.4 minutes
Excess Wait Time 3.5 seconds
Option 2
MTA GTFS-RT
Average
Headway
4.3 minutes
Standard
Deviation of
Headway
2.4 minutes
Average Wait
Time
2.8 minutes
Excess Wait Time 40.2 seconds
RECOMMENDATIONS
04
23
Frequency
● The first step in creating meaningful recommendations for this line, our team determined the optimal
frequency and headway.
● Using the load data obtained, and the third method in class, which provides both cost benefit and
operational efficiency. Additionally, the desired occupancy was assumed to be half the train.
● The result is a slight decrease in frequency, but less trains operating could lead to higher occupancies and
help to alleviate congestion around interlining stations (e.g. Jay St-MetroTech, 42 St-Bryant Park, etc.).
10 trains per hour
Recommended Frequency
6 minutes
Recommended Headway
24
Timetabling
Jamaica-179 St 8:01 AM 8:07 AM 8:13 AM 8:19 AM 8:25 AM 8:31 AM 8:37 AM 8:43 AM 8:49 AM 8:55 AM 9:01 AM
Kew Gardens 8:11 AM 8:17 AM 8:23 AM 8:29 AM 8:35 AM 8:41 AM 8:47 AM 8:53 AM 8:59 AM 9:05 AM 9:11 AM
Forest Hills-71 Av 8:15 AM 8:21 AM 8:27 AM 8:33 AM 8:39 AM 8:45 AM 8:51 AM 8:57 AM 9:03 AM 9:09 AM 9:15 AM
Jackson Hts 8:23 AM 8:29 AM 8:35 AM 8:41 AM 8:47 AM 8:53 AM 8:59 AM 9:05 AM 9:11 AM 9:17 AM 9:23 AM
Queensbridge 8:32 AM 8:38 AM 8:44 AM 8:50 AM 8:56 AM 9:02 AM 9:08 AM 9:14 AM 9:20 AM 9:26 AM 9:32 AM
Lexington Av/63 St 8:37 AM 8:43 AM 8:49 AM 8:55 AM 9:01 AM 9:07 AM 9:13 AM 9:19 AM 9:25 AM 9:31 AM 9:37 AM
42 St-Bryant Pk 8:42 AM 8:48 AM 8:54 AM 9:00 AM 9:06 AM 9:12 AM 9:18 AM 9:24 AM 9:30 AM 9:36 AM 9:42 AM
Washington Sq 8:49 AM 8:55 AM 9:01 AM 9:07 AM 9:13 AM 9:19 AM 9:25 AM 9:31 AM 9:37 AM 9:43 AM 9:49 AM
Jay St-MetroTech 9:03 AM 9:09 AM 9:15 AM 9:21 AM 9:27 AM 9:33 AM 9:39 AM 9:45 AM 9:51 AM 9:57 AM 10:03 AM
4 Av-9 St 9:14 AM 9:20 AM 9:26 AM 9:32 AM 9:38 AM 9:44 AM 9:50 AM 9:56 AM 10:02 AM 10:08 AM 10:14 AM
Church Av 9:21 AM 9:27 AM 9:33 AM 9:39 AM 9:45 AM 9:51 AM 9:57 AM 10:03 AM 10:09 AM 10:15 AM 10:21 AM
Kings Hwy 9:32 AM 9:38 AM 9:44 AM 9:50 AM 9:56 AM 10:02 AM 10:08 AM 10:14 AM 10:20 AM 10:26 AM 10:32 AM
Avenue X - 9:43 AM - 9:55 AM - 10:07 AM - 10:19 AM 10:25 AM - 10:37 AM
Coney Island - 9:49 AM - 10:01 AM - 10:13 AM - 10:25 AM 10:31 AM - 10:43 AM
25
Fleet Size
● The fleet size is calculated by dividing the total cycle length by the recommended headway.
● The cycle length was calculated to be 96 minutes, with an assumed terminal time of 5 minutes.
16 trains
Recommended Fleet Size
26
Thank you for listening!
WE OPEN IT UP TO ANY QUESTIONS

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Project F: A Better Commute - Recommendations for Improvement

Editor's Notes