Sarhul
Sarhul is a spring festival celebrated in the Indian state of Jharkhand, marking the commencement of the new year. The festival lasts for three days, from the third day of the Chaitra month in Shukla Paksha to Chaitra Purnima. During the festival, the village priest, known as the Pahan offers a sacrifice of flowers, fruits, vermilion, a rooster, and tapan (liquor) in the Sarna to the Sun, the village deity, and the ancestors for the prosperity of the village. After the rituals, locals dance while holding Sal flowers.[1][2][3]
According to tradition, Sarhul also symbolizes the marriage between the Earth and the Sun.[4] It is an important festival observed by the Kurukh and Sadan communities.[5] Among the Kurukh, it is known as Khaddi (meaning "flower" in the Kurukh language). The festival is called Hadi Bonga among the Bhumijs,[6] while among the Ho and Munda people, it is known as Baa Parab. The Santals call it Baha Parab.[7]
Etymology
[edit]Different tribes have their own names for the festival. Sarhul is the Nagpuri name for the festival. In Nagpuri, Sar or Sarai refers to the Sal tree (Shorea robusta) and hul means 'collectively' or 'grove'. It symbolizes the celebration of nature through the Sal tree.[8]
Alternative interpretations include:
- Hul may refer to 'revolution,' symbolizing a revolution through Sal flowers.[9]
- Sar means 'year,' and Hul means 'begin', representing the beginning of a new year.[10]
| Festival name | Language | Tribe/Community | Location | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sarhul | Nagpuri | Several tribes/communities | Jharkhand, West Bengal, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Assam | |
| Baha parab, Baha Bonga | Santali | Santal | Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal, Assam | |
| Baa parab | Mundari, Ho | Munda, Ho | Jharkhand, Odisha | |
| Hadi Bonga | Bhumij | Bhumij | Jharkhand, West Bengal, Odisha | |
| Khāddi, Khakhel-benja | Kurukh | Oraon | Jharkhand | [11][12] |
| Amnuakhia | Kharia | Kharia | Odisha, Jharkhand, West Bengal | [13] |
Celebration
[edit]In this festival, people worship in Sarna. Ploughing is forbidden on this day. People observe a fast one day before the festival. Young people collect Sal flowers from the nearby forest and catch crabs and fish. On the occasion of the festival, people go to Sarna to the beats of Dhol, Nagara and Mandar. They worship the Sal tree, and Shalai, the flowers of the Sal tree, are offered to the deities. The village priest, Pahan (sometimes called Laya or Deuri) and Pujar, offers sacrifices to the village deity, including Sal flowers, fruits, vermilion, three roosters, and Tapan (liquor) for the prosperity of the village. The Pahan sacrifices three roosters of different colors — each dedicated to the Sun, the village deities, and the ancestors. The Pahan places a water pot in Sarna and, on the following day, predicts the weather for the coming year. He also distributes Sal flowers among the villagers. People worship the souls of their ancestors at home and offer different types of food to them. Only after making these offerings do they eat. Afterward, they sing and dance to the beats of the Dhol, Nagara, and Mandar, while also drinking rice beer, Handia.[7][14][10]
Since 1961, processions have been organized during the Sarhul festival in Ranchi and Gumla. Before that, there were no such processions; people only danced near Sarna sthal.[7] In urban areas, middle-class tribal activists have reinvented the nature festival Sarhul to emphasize regional identity, while in rural areas, it remains primarily a thanksgiving ritual to the deities.[15]
Similar festival
[edit]- Baha parab, a festival of Santhals.
References
[edit]- ^ "All You Need to Know About the Festival Celebrated in Jharkhand". news18. 4 April 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
- ^ "झारखंड में मनाया जा रहा है प्रकृति का पर्व सरहुल, झूम रहे हैं लोग". zeenews. 4 April 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
- ^ "सरहुल पर अनूठी परंपरा... झारखंड के इस गांव में खौलते तेल में हाथ डालकर बनाए जाते हैं पकवान". 3 April 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
- ^ "'सरहुल' पर प्रकृति के रंग में रंग गया झारखंड, हर जगह निकल रही विशाल शोभा यात्राएं". zeenews. 4 April 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
- ^ Manish Ranjan (2022). JHARKHAND GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 2021. Prabhat Prakashan. ISBN 9789354883002.
- ^ "साल वृक्ष की पूजा कर मांगी सुख-समृद्धि". Dainik Jagran (in Hindi). Retrieved 2022-08-19.
- ^ a b c "आज मनाया जा रहा है प्रकृति पर्व सरहुल, जानें पूजा विधि और इसका महत्व". Prabhat khabar. 4 April 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
- ^ Anupam Purty (10 April 2013). "SARHUL- Festival of the Mundas'". issuu. p. 20. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
- ^ "सरहुल का अर्थ, सरहुल में केकड़ा का महत्व". ujjwalpradesh. 30 March 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
- ^ a b "Sarhul Festival 2022 - April 04 (Monday)". festivalsofindia. 4 April 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
- ^ Bahadur), Sarat Chandra Roy (Rai (1928). Oraon Religion & Customs. "Man in India" office.
- ^ Hussain, Sakir; Mendaly, Subodha (2020-10-01). Recent Developments in Historical and Archaeological Researches in Odisha. Walnut Publication. ISBN 978-93-90261-82-6.
- ^ Vidyarthi, Lalita Prasad (1980). The Kharia Then and Now. Concept Publishing Company.
- ^ "धरती के विवाह के रुप में आज आदिवासी समुदाय मना रहा है सरहुल, 9 प्रकार की सब्जियां बनाने का है रिवाज". Prabhat khabar. 4 April 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
- ^ Alpa Shah (2010). In the Shadows of the State: Indigenous Politics, Environmentalism, and Insurgency in Jharkhand, India. Duke University Press. p. 220. ISBN 978-0822392934. Retrieved 7 April 2022.