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rare-earth element
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electron probabilities for gadolinium metallic radii melting points and transformation temperatures boiling points Crystal structures of rare-earth metals. linear coefficient of thermal expansion elastic moduli free energy of formation of rare-earth sesquioxides The arrangement of copper, yttrium, oxygen, and barium ions in yttrium barium copper oxide (YBa2Cu3O7), an example of a superconducting ceramic crystal structure.
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rare earth metal summary
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Periodic table of the elements. Left column indicates the subshells that are being filled as atomic number Z increases. The body of the table shows element symbols and Z. analysis and measurement
Periodic Table of the Elements
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electron probabilities for gadolinium
electron probabilities for gadolinium Electron probabilities, P2(r), for the 4f, 5s, 5p, 5d, and 6s electrons of gadolinium.

rare-earth element

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Also known as: inner transition element, rare-earth metal
Written by
Vitalij K. Pecharsky
Distinguished Professor, Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa.
Vitalij K. Pecharsky,
Karl A. Gschneidner, Jr.
Anson Marston Distinguished Professor, Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa.
Karl A. Gschneidner, Jr.•All
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News •

China Halts Critical Rare Earth Exports as Trade War Intensifies • Apr. 13, 2025, 8:31 AM ET (New York Times)
Why China's Rare Earth Curbs Could Devastate US Defense Industry • Apr. 10, 2025, 10:16 PM ET (Newsweek)

rare-earth element, any member of the group of chemical elements consisting of three elements in Group 3 (scandium [Sc], yttrium [Y], and lanthanum [La]) and the first extended row of elements below the main body of the periodic table (cerium [Ce] through lutetium [Lu]). The elements cerium through lutetium are called the lanthanides, but many scientists also, though incorrectly, call those elements rare earths. The rare earths are generally trivalent elements, but a few have other valences. Cerium, praseodymium, and terbium can be tetravalent; samarium, europium and ytterbium, on the other hand, can be divalent. Many introductory science books view ...(100 of 11935 words)

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